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1.9IntermediateModule 01 · Think Like a Strategist

Mental Models Library

You keep solving problems the same way and getting the same results. You need different

The prompt

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1.9Mental Models Library
Act as a mental models coach. My situation : [DESCRIBE THE CHALLENGE OR DECISION] Apply these models and give one specific insight each: Pareto 80/20 : Where is the highest leverage? Parkinson's Law : Where is time being wasted? Dunning-Kruger : Where might I be overconfident? First Principles. : What assumption am I not questioning? Inversion : What would guarantee this fails? Give one concrete action per model. Be direct. MENTAL MODELS RANGE FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX UNDERSTANDING. Dunning-Kruger Parkinson's Law Maps confidence vs competence Explains work expansion over time Iceberg Model Pareto's 80/20 Shows surface vs hidden drivers Identifies high-impact areas Simple Complex
LabelsReplace theseSwap the role below

LabelsReplace theseSwap the role below

Pro tip, from the book

After every quarter, add one new mental model you discovered and note a situation where it would have helped. In three years you'll have a thinking toolkit no one can buy.

Who should run this prompt

Module role profile

Who should reason through this problem? The quality of your thinking is shaped by whose lens you borrow. A strategist and a risk analyst look at the same problem and see completely different things — both useful, both necessary. Before you prompt, choose who you need in the room. These profiles give you six internal perspectives and four outside views that challenge your assumptions before you commit to them.

Choose any role to drop it into the prompt above. Only the highlighted opening clause changes — the rest of the prompt stays exactly as printed.

Internal rolesThink from inside the organisation
Outside perspectivesChallenge your blind spots

◆◆◆◆◆ → ◆ seniority, board level down to specialist outside the organisation

How to make any role sharper

  1. Add years of experience: "...with 15 years in enterprise SaaS" produces different depth than just the title.
  2. Add what they care most about: "You care most about [X]" shapes every word of the output.
  3. Add their communication style: "Be direct. Flag risks first. No jargon." changes the tone entirely.
See also: 1.3 Role Prompting - The Expert Chair

Use this when

The problem it solves

lenses, proven frameworks that help you read situations faster and more accurately.

How the framework works

From the printed page

A mental model is a simplified map of how something works. The best founders carry a library of them. Pareto's 80/20 shows where leverage hides. Parkinson's Law explains why work expands to fill time. Dunning-Kruger maps confidence vs competence. The Iceberg Model shows what's visible vs what's driving behaviour beneath the surface. The value isn't memorizing the list, it's reaching for the right model at the right moment, the way a mechanic reaches for the right tool without thinking about the whole toolbox.

The method, in four moves

Do these in order
1

Describe the challenge or situation you're trying to understand.

2

Ask AI to apply 3–5 relevant models to your specific situation.

3

Look for where two or more models point to the same root cause.

4

Build your own shortlist of 5 models you find most useful. The thinking lenses every leader should carry Leaders build a mental model library and then apply the same two or three models to every problem usually the ones they learned first. The value isn't in having the models. It's in knowing which model fits this specific situation. Ask: am I choosing the right lens, or the familiar one?

Where the framework comes from

Charlie Munger / Farnam Street (Shane Parrish) — The Great Mental Models, 2019

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Prompt extracted18 Sept 2026
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